Source:

Short definition: 

The umbra is the innermost and darkest part of a shadow, where light is completely blocked by an object. In the context of astronomy, the umbra is often observed during a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow is cast on the Earth.

Detailed Definition:

The Umbra is the innermost and darkest part of a shadow. It is the area where light is completely blocked by an object, such as a planet or moon. When a celestial body, passes between a star and another celestial body, it can cast a shadow on that body. The umbra is the part of the shadow that is directly behind the blocking body. The lighter part of the shadow - penumbra, is the area where only part of the light is blocked. The umbra and penumbra can be observed during a solar eclipse, when the Moon's shadow is cast on the Earth.

Etymology:

Umbra (Latin) - shadow

Sample Sentence(s):

"Terms "umbra" and "penumbra" are not limited to celestial bodies, they occur in shadows of everyday objects."

"During solar eclipse, when an observer stands in umbra, dusk seems to set from all directions on the horizon at once."

Translations:

German:

Umbra

Polish:

Cień całkowity

Links to videos/articles:

https://www.universetoday.com/155274/astronomy-jargon-101-umbra/

Source:Cajina, I. (2017, September 17). Milky Way from Max Patch. unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/asuyh-_ZX54

Definition

The totality of all existing matter, energy, space and time.

The universe is approximately 13,8 years old and has emerged as a result of the Big Bang, in which it emerged from a single point and continues to expand.

Translation

• French: l’Univers [y.ni.vɛʁ]
  
• German: das Universum [uniˈvɛʁzʊm]
  
• Polish: Wszechświat
  
• Russian: Вселенная[fsʲɪˈlʲenːəɪ̯ə]
  
• Swedish: Universum
  

Links to Videos/Articles:

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/what-is-an-exoplanet/what-is-the-universe/